Procurement at the Chivay obsidian source, Arequipa, Peru

Periurban Trypanosoma cruzi–infected Triatoma infestans, Arequipa, Peru

In Arequipa, Peru, vectorborne transmission of Chagas disease by Triatoma infestans has become an urban problem. We conducted an entomologic survey in a periurban community of Arequipa to identify risk factors for triatomine infestation and determinants of vector population densities. Of 374 households surveyed, triatomines were collected from 194 (52%), and Trypanosoma cruzi-carrying triatomin...

Chagas Disease, Migration and Community Settlement Patterns in Arequipa, Peru

BACKGROUND Chagas disease is one of the most important neglected tropical diseases in the Americas. Vectorborne transmission of Chagas disease has been historically rare in urban settings. However, in marginal communities near the city of Arequipa, Peru, urban transmission cycles have become established. We examined the history of migration and settlement patterns in these communities, and thei...

Chagas disease transmission in periurban communities of Arequipa, Peru.

BACKGROUND Chagas disease, caused by Trypanosoma cruzi infection, is an urban problem in Arequipa, Peru, and the epidemiology of Chagas disease is likely to be quite different in this area, compared with in rural zones. METHODS We conducted a serosurvey of 1615 children <18 years old in periurban districts that included hillside shantytowns and slightly more affluent low-lying communities. In...

Conspicuous Production of Exotics among the Maya: the Organization of Obsidian Procurement, Production, and Distribution at El Pilar

Multiple Source Procurement Competitions

Relationships between buying and selling organizations in business markets are varied and complex. One important relationship is procurement, or the type of alliance that buyers form with sellers to fulfill their purchasing needs. Multiple sourcing is often proposed to prevent a variety ofprocurement problems. We develop a bidding model to investigate the effect of multiple sourcing on competit...